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	<title>Communications Insights: Trends and Cool Stuff &#187; Spectrum</title>
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	<link>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff</link>
	<description>The Musings of an Expatriate in European Communications</description>
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		<title>Rethinking the White Spaces decision</title>
		<link>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2010/09/rethinking-the-white-spaces-decision/</link>
		<comments>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2010/09/rethinking-the-white-spaces-decision/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Sep 2010 18:33:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kenneth Carter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cool Stuff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TV White Spaces]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wireless Communications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Broadband]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FCC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Part 15]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Policy Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spectrum]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/?p=223</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[At the FCC’s monthly agenda meeting it unanimously adopted its Second Memorandum Opinion and Order which will enable unlicensed operation in the TV White Spaces.  The Chairman and Commissioners almost universally stated that the Order would unleash a wave of innovation, broadband access, “Wi-Fi on steroids,” and other Really Cool Stuff What was universally not said was that broadcast TV and wireless microphones are not the future.  Granted, regulators want to provide regulatory certainty and are loathe to picking winners and losers; however, this glaring absence begs the question: if all of the innovation, job growth, and economic development will come from the unlicensed use of the White Spaces, why aren’t we protecting those uses?]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Spectrum Auctions in Japan?!</title>
		<link>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2010/09/spectrum-auctions-in-japan/</link>
		<comments>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2010/09/spectrum-auctions-in-japan/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Sep 2010 19:48:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kenneth Carter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Wireless Communications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[next generation spectrum policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Policy Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spectrum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spectrum policy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/?p=212</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Japanese wireless market is well developed, with at least 5 competitors offering some of the lowest priced, highest speed, and most advanced networks of anywhere in the world. Yet, according modern economic theory, this should not be. The Japanese government has never held an auction to assign spectrum licenses. Economic theory suggests that auctions are more efficient assigning spectrum rights to their highest monetary value use than other means such as comparative hearings (currently used in Japan) or lotteries. That may all, change as the government of Japan is considering how it might employ spectrum auctions. The Cabinet might be directing the Ministry of Information and Communications to review how market forces can be employed to rapidly and efficiently reassign radio usage rights. According to my vague understanding of what is suggested, the MIC will pursue a limited use of auctions to reassign spectrum licenses. Auction prices will be limited to the costs of relocating the existing users from the band. The MIC will then auction participant’s bids as part of its analysis in some sort of comparative hearing. License winners will have to pay their bid eventually. I am not sure whether auctions will make the Japanese wireless market more advanced, or whether they will simply screw things up. I will keep you posted.]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2010/09/spectrum-auctions-in-japan/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>The New Dutch Auction</title>
		<link>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2010/05/the-new-dutch-auction/</link>
		<comments>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2010/05/the-new-dutch-auction/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 May 2010 19:23:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kenneth Carter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cool Stuff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Optimal Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wireless Communications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Policy Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spectrum]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/?p=167</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A week ago, the Dutch telecommunications regulator Agentschap Telecom completed a spectrum auction for licenses in the 2.6 GHz band.  Five bidders spent just over €2.6 million to acquire 130 MHz of the 190 MHz in the band, but they did so in an unusual way.  Agentschap’s auction had two parts.  In the first part, bidders vied for a certain amount of spectrum.  In the second round, the bidders competed for specific 5 MHz blocks, with the option of single 5 MHz blocks of unpaired (TDD) spectrum or 2 x 5 MHz blocks of paired (FDD) spectrum.  This determined the pairing the band.  No FDD spectrum was acquired.

In this way, the auction determined whether the spectrum would be used for cellular type uses (FDD) or for WiMax-type uses (TDD). ]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>The Spoon</title>
		<link>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2010/05/the-spoon/</link>
		<comments>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2010/05/the-spoon/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 May 2010 19:42:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kenneth Carter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Optimal Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wireless Communications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FCC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Optimal level of regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Part 15]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Policy Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spectrum]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/?p=163</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Treating radio operations as spectrum or airwaves or property is a false paradigm.  Electromagnetic energy behaves simultaneously like a wave and like a particle, carried by photons.  So, while we are regulating the airwaves, who is regulating the photons?  I raise this issue now because just last week the FCC established the Spectrum Task Force.  Honestly, I am not exactly sure what implications for radio policy of considering the dually of electromagnetic radiation as both a wave and a particle might be; however, going forward perhaps the STF should undertake critical rethinking of this crucial policy area from the basics up.]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Wi-Fi? Wi-Not?</title>
		<link>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2010/02/wi-fi-wi-not/</link>
		<comments>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2010/02/wi-fi-wi-not/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Feb 2010 20:59:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kenneth Carter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Broadband]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cool Stuff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wireless Communications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FCC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Part 15]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spectrum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TV White Spaces]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unlicensed wireless devices]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wi-Fi]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/?p=135</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In the past several weeks, there have been several news articles and blog posts about congested mobile wireless networks and using Wi-Fi to alleviate that congestion.  This is a good idea; however, it is not a new one.  At a conference nearly eight years ago, I suggested that wireless carriers consider incorporating Wi-Fi into their networks.  Complementing existing 3G networks with Wi-Fi would increase carrier profitability. ]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Next Generation Spectrum Regulation</title>
		<link>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2009/12/next-generation-spectrum-regulation/</link>
		<comments>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2009/12/next-generation-spectrum-regulation/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Dec 2009 19:03:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kenneth Carter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Broadband]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cool Stuff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wireless Communications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[next generation spectrum policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Optimal level of regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Really Cool Stuff!]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spectrum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spectrum policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unlicensed wireless devices]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/?p=122</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I have just completed a major study on next generation spectrum regulation which can serve as the basis for removing certain barriers to spectrum access, allowing more effective sharing and efficient allocations.  I can think of no reason why a properly designed auction could not determine not only who gets the spectrum rights, but what those rights are.

You cannot see, touch, taste, smell, or hear radio spectrum.  Spectrum is not a thing; it is an idea – a legal and engineering construct that explains a physical phenomenon and helps us arrange our behavior accordingly.  That fundamental physical phenomenon is the fact that when electromagnetic waves are: (1) harmonic in frequency; (2) incident in time; and (3) alight on the same reception device, the ability of those waves to be used as information carriers is degraded.  This deleterious effect is known to us as interference.  Without some form of intervention, it is impossible to exclude or limit the use of a common resource such as spectrum. Without exclusion, users consume the spectrum without regard to fact that their usage causes the deleterious effect of interference for other would-be users.  Policies which help to mitigate inference with the least amount of effort will be the most socially beneficial.]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2009/12/next-generation-spectrum-regulation/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Unlicensed and Unleashed</title>
		<link>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2008/07/unlicensed-and-unleashed/</link>
		<comments>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2008/07/unlicensed-and-unleashed/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Jul 2008 15:17:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kenneth Carter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cool Stuff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wireless Communications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Part 15]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spectrum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TV White Spaces]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unlicensed]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wi-Fi]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2008/07/unlicensed-and-unleashed/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My article Unlicensed to Kill: a Brief History of the FCC Part 15 Rules has just gone to press and will be published in the journal Info.  I originally gave the paper at The Genesis of Unlicensed Wireless Policy conference organized by Tom Hazlett at George Mason University Law School.  (Yes, dear reader, Tom Hazlett [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2008/07/unlicensed-and-unleashed/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Wi-Fi on Steriods</title>
		<link>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2008/05/wi-fi-on-steriods/</link>
		<comments>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2008/05/wi-fi-on-steriods/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 May 2008 13:52:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kenneth Carter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Broadband]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cool Stuff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TV White Spaces]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wireless Communications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Part 15]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spectrum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unlicensed]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wi-Fi]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2008/05/wi-fi-on-steriods/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Google&#8217;s Larry Page spoke at a recent New American Foundation event, calling for &#8220;Wi-Fi on steroids&#8221; for the TV White Spaces.  Every time I hear this, I cannot help but think, &#8220;Oh great, a radio that is hyper-aggressive, muscle-bound, and impotent.  Why would I want such a technology?!&#8221; All joking aside, I approve the sentiment, [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2008/05/wi-fi-on-steriods/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Safety First: Reinvesting the Digital Dividend</title>
		<link>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2008/05/safety-first-reinvesting-the-digital-dividend/</link>
		<comments>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2008/05/safety-first-reinvesting-the-digital-dividend/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 May 2008 06:42:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Kenneth Carter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Wireless Communications]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[700 MHz]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Digital Dividend]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PSS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Safety and Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spectrum]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2008/05/safety-first-reinvesting-the-digital-dividend/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My report on Public Safety and Security spectrum use in Europe publishes today. In the report, we marshal the policy and technological arguments for a reallocation of further dedicated spectrum for mission critical PSS communication from the transition to digital terrestrial television, the so called Digital Dividend. The website for the study is: http://www.public-safety-first.eu/. For [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://kennethrcarter.com/CoolStuff/2008/05/safety-first-reinvesting-the-digital-dividend/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
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