Archive for February, 2008

Why Immunity?

Wednesday, February 13th, 2008

I am not going to express shock, moral outrage, or self righteous indignation over the Senate’s voting not to deny retroactive immunity to the telecommunications carriers which helped the Bush Administration to spy on American citizens. I will, however, ask for someone to give me a cogent, morally defensible explanation why are elected officials are so quick to give away our most basic civil liberties.

Nonetheless, all of the arguments to justify this amendment are horse crap, to put it mildly. Let me debunk them.

First, the Bush Administration’s warrantless spying program violates the FISA Law and the US Constitution. Full Stop.

Second, this program does not “make us safer.” If it did, why did the Administration approach the telecoms companies in February 2001 to institute this program? Surely, that would have given the Administration the necessary information to thwart the attacks of September 11. If, six and a half years after September 11, law enforcement has not identified the likely terrorist suspects, it calls into question their competency. Can all of be terrorist suspects?! Moreover, if you cannot pursue these terrorist threats while upholding the law, you are not competent enough to be trusted with the security of the United States. The hurdles to obtaining a FISA warrant are quite slight (including the ability to apply for the warrant after the wire tap has begun), and I am given to understand that only a handful of these requests have ever been denied. You embolden the terrorists when you argue that we should throw away the foundations of the rule of law because they might attack us.

If the teleco’s are helping to violate the law, it follows that they should face legal liability. Yet it is argued that these suits are frivolous and will bankrupt the telecom carriers. If they are bankrupted, it is because they broke the law. At any rate, I am not afraid of the US telecom network disappearing. Someone will be able to pick up those assets discharged in bankruptcy and make a tidy profit. As for junk law suits, well, attorneys who bring them are subject to censure and disbarment. What other protections do we need?

Finally, the telecom companies were not behaving patriotically. American patriots demand, “give me liberty or give me death.” They were motivated by profits from charging the government for wiretaps. Indeed, it was recently reported that Comcast stop providing the government with wire taps when it did not pay. That is not patriotic. Do you know who is patriotic? Joe Nacchio. As CEO, Nacchio projected profits for QWEST based on government contracts. When he determined the warrantless spying program was illegal and refused to provide wire taps, the government canceled its contracts. This had the obvious result of lowering profits and stock price. Nacchio was convicted of stock fraud for making these statements and sentenced to six years in federal prison, ordered to pay a $19 million fine and forfeit $52 million he gained in stock sales.

Insight: Can someone kindly provide a rational explanation for this law to me?

White Space and Gray Matter

Tuesday, February 12th, 2008

Congressman Jerrold Nadler recently published an Op-Ed in the New York Times. His analysis is so off-the-mark, I felt compelled to respond.

I want to begin with some terminology. He describes the White Spaces as being the “intervals between television channel frequencies.” This could mean the geographic separation between grade contours, the guard bands, or even the blanking intervals in NTSC progressive interlace. At any rate, white spaces are “white” because at a given time and place the frequencies are not being used as carrier waves. If the spectrum is not being used then, by definition, there cannot be interference. And not just interference alone, but harmful interference is the statutory level of protection.Now I am not sure about the previous white space tests, as I lack the engineering experience to adequately review the opinions. But, I have see arguments suggesting the are conclusive and ones stating that they are not dispositive. Either way, technology will eventually overcome these issues. There are, however, more glaring failures of Rep. Nadler’s arguments.

“Microsoft, Google and others are asking permission to use white spaces — free of charge — for millions of unregulated and unlicensed devices for personal networking systems that they would like to sell, including P.D.A.’s, wireless broadband devices and even toys. These devices could disrupt the new digital TV signals that government and industry have spent so much time and money to promote.”

This is misleading by misstatement and by omission. Misstatement: unlicensed devices are not “unregulated”. Omission – the broadcasters did not pay for their spectrum either. Moreover, who cares what the broadcasters sunk costs might be. Suppose Google and Microsoft will spend more to develop more important technologies.

Rep. Nadler goes on to say, “And because these personal devices would be unregistered, there would be no effective way of recalling them or curtailing their use, much less assuring that standards were adhered to their manufacture.” If you read the FCC Part 2 and Part 15 rules you will find that this is dead wrong. When I was at the FCC, I spent a lot of time working on precisely this issue. Before any radio device, be it licensed, unlicensed, or licensed-by-rule, can be imported or marketed in the US, it must be certificated to comply with FCC standards. In addition, users of unlicensed devices have “no vested right to continued operation.” So, if in the future, the FCC decides that white spaces are best left white, it has the power to make operating these devices a crime. When Wi-Fi is outlawed, only outlaws will have Wi-Fi.

Further, without a single iota of economic evidence, Rep. Nadler values digital terrestrial TV over all other uses of the spectrum. Moreover, he values co-primary access according to his own wants and desires. It is a cute device when he argues for the protection of football games and Broadway musicals alike, but this too is misleading. Who is to say that a football game or Broadway show (both of which take place in large controlled Faraday cages) is more important than my wireless email?! I don’t like football, but I like email. How about public safety? I think that’s a better use of the white space. And, would it not be better public policy if we were helping “[l]ow-income households, the elderly and people living in multifamily buildings who don’t have cable service and rely on antenna systems” to get online with cheap unlicensed broadband access, and not to watch more TV?

Finally, if the Broadway star and star quarterback are counting on unfettered spectrum access (a concept whose time has come and gone) they should pay for that access. Otherwise, they should share the spectrum with the rest of us who get great value out of unlicensed use.  Both types of spectrum access will and must coexist in the future.  The future of spectrum policy will not be about “scarecity” or “interference” so much as it will be about coordination of use.

Insight: People, I cannot stress this enough, use your gray matter before you talk about the white space.

A Challenge to the Next FCC Chairman: Make the US Last in Broadband Adoption

Thursday, February 7th, 2008

No matter what the outcome in November’s presidential election, about a year from now, the FCC will be anticipating the arrival of a new Chairman.  I present the following challenge to the next Chairman, whoever he/she may be: make the US last in the world rankings of per capita broadband adoption.  What?!  Stay with me for a sec.

The FCC defines “broadband” as any access technology providing at least 200kbps in one direction.  This standard was appauling when it was introduced nearly a decade ago;FN1 it is simply laughable now.   Shouldn’t this standard evolve at least a little bit over time?  Consider for a second Moore’s Law on computing per unit cost, which stipulates that preformance roughly doubles every two years.FN2    So, between January 1999 and January 2009, the price preformance of the electronics which enable a broadband connection should have increased by a factor of 32.  Thus, a resonable standard for broadband today would be 6.4 Mbps (200kbps X 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 = 6,400kbps).  Let’s say I missed my guess by a bit and an appropriate standard is 5 megs.  (Neither a particularly high threshold and about what I get at my home in a small suburb outside of Bonn, Germany.) In that same decade, the US rank in the world in terms of broadband adpotion has fallen from 3rd to 15th to 20th, by some counts.

Insight:  According to the FCC’s most recent data, in December 2006 there were 82.5 million broadband lines in the US.FN3  Using the 5 meg standard this number would drop to roughtly 11.5 million lines.FN4  The effect of reporting this as the number of broadband lines in the US would be to be to drop the US to a per capita broadband adoption rate of Slovakia or Mexico.  Only then would it be undeniable that the US is falling behind in the adoption of next generation networks.  And, only then would the FCC have the imperative necessary to take the steps which other nations are taking and “encourage the deployment on a reasonable and timely basis of advanced telecommunications capability to all Americans,” per the FCC’s mandate. 

FN4: This is a bit of a fudge factor, but good enough for the back of the envelope.  Since the FCC only reports lines with speeds between 2.5 megs and 10 megs, I assumed that only 1/4 of the 34.7 million lines in this category were greater than 5 megs – I eyeballed this from the skew of distribution.

Irish International Advisory Forum on Broadband

Wednesday, February 6th, 2008

I am very please to announce that I have been appointed to an International Advisory Forum on Next Generation Broadband Networks.  Minister Eamon Ryan of the Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources established this Advisory Forum of senior telecoms experts and CEOs from around the world in order to advise him on the optimum role for Government in the development of Next Generation Broadband in the Republic of Ireland.

Insight:  As side for being a fantastic opportunity for me, I think this is right approach to policy formation, broadband or otherwise.  Policy makers should always pursue the “optimum role for Government.”

Classical conservative political though holds that “government is the problem,” and that a laissez faire approach is best.  Conversely, liberal politics hold that the profit motive is a sufficiently corrupting influence that in the absence of rules constraining the market place, the private sector will steal everything that is not nailed down. I am a lawyer, so I see these two statements as not mutually exclusive and both possible true.  I am also an MBA, so I can also see that there is some tradeoff between the two approaches.  And, if there is a tradeoff, it follows that there must me some optimization: one rule too many and government throws up barriers to entry to the market place; one government employee too few and the Invisible Hand can get into the Invisible Cookie Jar.  Thus, the policymaker should always be managing regulation to this efficiency frontier.